RSV - Man O War.01 - County Class Cruisers, ZZ - Marynistyka

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ALAN RAVEN and JOHN ROBERTS
An introductory note from the publisher:
Dear Reader,
I'd like to take a moment to introduce you to our new
MAN 0' WAR series of warship monographs. Each book
will be devoted to a famous class of warship of the WWII
era, with emphasis on never-before-published data and
photos. Future titles will follow the format of the one you
are now holding; loaded with fine photos, informative
text, & six pages of top-quality colour work.
We have retained the incomparable team of Alan
Raven and John Roberts to author the 1st four titles of
the series (see the back cover for a listing and details).
For those of you familiar with their work, I need speak no
further regarding the quality of content of each book. Art
direction will be the province of Larry Sowinski, the multi-
talented modeller and authority on American warship
camouflage.
There it is; read on and enjoy. I can only hope that in
the reading, the large and handsome "County" cruisers
spring to life for you as they did for us in the preparation
of this work.
Thank You,
I
~
~~
Edward Valerio,
R.S.V. Publishing, Inc.
Written by
ALAN RAVEN and JOHN ROBERTS
Designed by Larry Sowinski
Photos from the authors' collection and by courtesy
of the Imperial War Museum, U.S. National Archives,
National Maratime Museum. Wright & Logan, and
Arthur Davidson Baker III.
Copyright @ R.S.V. Publishing Inc.,
1978
All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, no part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
without prior permission of the publisher.
Published by: R.S.V. Publishing Inc.
P.O. Box 182
Times Plaza Station
Brooklyn, N.Y. 11217
Printed in U.S.A.
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The
County
class cruisers were somewhat unusual ships
being outside the general development of British cruiser
design. They were constructed as a direct result and in
accordance with the terms. of the Washington Naval
Treaty of 1922. This treaty specified that cruisers should
not exceed 10,000 tons displacement or be armed with
guns in excess of 8 inch calibre.
The predictable result was that all the signatories of
the treaty (USA, Britain, Japan, France and Italy) built ships
right up to the limit. Although Britain had proposed the
10,000 ton limit (in order to retain the 9,500 ton
Cavendish
class cruisers) it met American, rather than British, cruiser
requirements and when the
Counties
first appeared they
were heavily criticised for being too large and too expen-
sive. It was pointed out that, to meet British requirements
for trade protection, larger numbers of smaller cruisers
were what were needed. The Admiralty eventually adopted
-
this policy after constructing thirteen
County
class ships
(including two for the Australian Navy) but for all their
faults, real or imagined,the
Counties
proved of great value
in the Second World War and more than justified their
existence.
Japan would build to the limit and that it was necessary for
Britain to do the same. Little if any consideration was
therefore given to ships of less than 10,000 tons.
As finally worked out the basic requirement was for a
ship armed
with
eight 8 inch guns mounted in turrets,
having a speed of 33 knots and a high freeboard to give
good sea-keeping qualities. By July 1923 a preliminary in-
vestigation by the ONC's department made it clear that if
all the requirements were met, little weight would be avail-
able for protection. It was estimated that only 820 tons out
of the 10,000 tons could be alloted to this item. This weight
was not sufficient to provide adequate protection to the
vitals of the ship and it was suggested that only the
magazines should be armoured. Several armour schemes
were worked out on this basis and in August 1923 the
following system was proposed for adoption:
Magazinesand shell rooms on the same level in the hold, with box
protection consisting of:
'3
inch NC' deck,
'3
inch
C'
end bulk-
heads,
'4
inch
C'
sides and
'3
inch
C'
ring bulkhead to central
hoist.
This scheme absorbed 745 tons and provided protec-
tion from 8 inch shell at angles of decent up to 40° which
was equal to 20,000 yards. The Board of Admir?lty was
not, however, happy about leaving the machinery unpro-
tected and in October 1923 decided to reduce the speed
requirement from 33 knots to 31 knots. This meant a re-
duction from 100,000 SHP to 75,000 SHP with a subse-
The Kent Class
Shortly after the Washington conference the Naval staff
began formulating the requirements for a cruiser of the
Treaty type. It was taken for granted that the USA and
BERWICK
at the time of her trials in
1927.
Note the short funnels. Her paint scheme is
a
white hull with
a
buff superstructure.
. ,..."
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AUSTRALIA in
1928
with short
funnels.
SUFFOLK
as
completed in
1928
with tall funnels, like BERWICK,
she is also painted up in white
and buff.
CUMBERLAND in
1935
under-
going reconstruction. This
included the addition of
a
large
aircraft hangar forward of the
mainmast
and
the cutting down of
the quarterdeck.
J
2
1
.,.;
\8
-
quent saving in the number of boilers. The weight made
available by this saving amounted to 400 tons. It was
decided to utilize this to provide a 1 inch
deck and 2 inch
side over the machinery compartments but subsequently
this was distributea on a more complex basis (see legend
Table"I). On October 29, at a Controllers Conference, the
Engineer in Chief commented that in the space available
he could in fact provide machinery of 80,000 SHP without
exceeding the weight already specified. This allowed for
an increase in speed of Y, knot. The legend worked out on
this basis and dated October 31, 1923, was approved by
the Board on December 13.
steering gear
gunhouses
1-1/2 inch deck, 1 inch bulkheads
1 inch roof and sides, 3/4
inch
floor.
1 inch ring at base of gunhouse
Weights
General equipment
Armament
Machinery
Amour & protective plating
Hull
Standard displacement:
625 tons
1050 tons
1850 tons
1025 tons
5400 tons
10000 tons
When presenting this legend for approval the DNC
stated that there was no margin whatever for additions of
weight and if the ships were to be kept within the Treaty
limit it would be neces.sary to exercise strict economy of
weight during construction. Detailed calculation of the
design resulted in a reduction of the beam to 68 feet 3
inches; and in the weight adjustments shown in Table
2.
TABLE
1
Legend for KENTClass Cruisers-31 October
1923
. Length
(pp)
590feet
Length
(oa)
630 feet
TABLE 2
Calculated Estimate of Weights-1925
General Equipment
Beam (max)
68 feet 4 inches
Loaddraught(Ior'd)
151eet
3 inches
Load draught (aft)
17 feet 3 inches
Deep draught (max)
20 feet 6 inches
568 tons
Standard displacement
10,000 tons
Armament
986 tons
Freeboard (Ior'd)
.
33 feet
Machinery
1826 tons
Freeboard (lIJidships)
27 feet 3 inches
Armour & protective plating
992 tons
Freeboard (aft)
29 feet
Hull
5570
tons
SHP
80,000
Standard displacement:
9942 tons
Speed at load draught
31-112knots
Speed at deep draught
30-1/2 knots
In October 1923 the Board decided on a construction
programme of eight treaty cruisers per year for five years.
In January 1924, however, the first Labour Government
came to power and the Admiralty was asked to reduce this
number drastically. The Board finally decided that they
would accept four in the 1924/25 Programme, but sub-
sequently the cabinet approved the construction of five. In
addition the Australian authorities provided the finance for
the construction of two Treaty cruisers for the RAN. Seven
Kent
class ships were therefore laid down in 1924/25, the
details of their construction are given in Table 3
Complement (as private~)
784
f-
Armament:
eight 8 inch, 100 r.p.g.
four 4 inch HA. 200 r.p.g.
two multiple pom-poms,1000 r.p. barrel
two quadruple torpedo tubes, nine
torpedoes
Protection:
mairo"1agazines
~
4 inch side, 3 inch crown, 3 inch
end bulkheads
secondal) ~
(amidships}
macP'1eI',
3 inch side, 2 inch crown and ends
1-318 inch deck, 1 inch side and end
bulkhead
3
Oilluel capacity
3200 tons
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