QuickStudy, Psychologia i porady

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Taking Notes
BASICS
• Clear, concise notes are more effective than
long, complicated notes
• Instead of using a spiral, use a loose-leaf
notebook divided into class sections
• Make all notes on loose-leaf paper; in an upper
corner, title and date each sheet as it is used
• Rewrite and combine your old study and lecture
notes into a new single set of notes or outline; use
them as a replacement for your old notes in the
loose-leaf binder
• If there is something you don’t understand,
ASK!
• For fast classroom access to key information on
major topics, use
QuickStudy
®
products, if
Study Strategies
available
• Immediately after a lecture, without looking at
your notes, try to recall on a separate paper as
much as you can about what you have heard
and learned; then, review your actual lecture
notes to confirm and/or supplement your
memory
• During your next study session, quickly recall
again on paper what you learned; then, review
and reorganize your lecture notes in your own
words
•
Repeat the recall process
several times over
several days to commit the new information to
memory!
Your listening skills, note taking and ability to
manage your sessions will help determine your
success in college!
Time Management
•
LEARN TO SAY NO!
Balance social time and study time
•
DO NOT STUDY FOR MORE THAN TWO HOURS AT A
TIME
•
TRY TO STUDY DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS
•
USE TWO SCHEDULES
- Using your class schedules as a guide, block out
specific times each day for study and all other
activities
- Create a semester schedule showing midterms,
finals, due dates, and other important events:
Weekly, review both schedules and allow more
study time as needed; a good schedule keeps you
from wandering off course
LECTURE NOTES
• Sit near the front of the class to avoid distractions
•
Be a good listener
- focus and concentrate on
the main points of the lecture; get them down on
paper; you’ll put them into your own words later
along with your study notes; pay attention to the
instructors’ clues to what they consider important
•
List what you need to study each day;
prioritize and set times for each item and stick to it
Balancing Work & School
•
USE THE 30-3-2 SCHEDULE
- Study for 30 minutes
- Take a three-minute break; let the break be a time
to think about other things
- Upon returning, take an extra two minutes to
mentally review what you have just read and do a
quick preview of what is coming up next
IF YOU WORK AND GO TO SCHOOL...
• Keep in mind that
SCHOOL IS YOUR
Without education, you will
probably be stuck in a low paying job that
you hate; your time is valuable, and you
must manage it well; however tired you
might be after a long day of school and
work, you must make time to study
• If your job is impairing your performance in
school, quit the job!
• Never let an employer force you to take a
work schedule that interferes with your
studies
• If possible, find a job that provides enough
free time to get all your studying done
• And remember that employment makes
time-management skills even more
valuable
Study, Study, Study!
STUDY - BREAK - REVIEW - PREVIEW - STUDY
•
as many academic support activities and
workshops as possible
•
This may be a case of stating the obvious, but
you would be surprised how many students don't bother
in the
background (contrary to popular opinion) can
enhance your concentration
• Studying in a soft chair or on a cushy bed may not be
the best strategy
- Active learning may require walking around the
room or sitting on the edge of the chair
STUDYING WITH SOOTHING MUSIC
•
Your regular study space should be as
quiet and comfortable as possible, and large enough
to have easy access to everything you need for
studying (text and reference books, paper, pencils,
rulers, etc.)
- Libraries, study lounges, or private rooms are ideal
- Get rid of clutter; clear the desk or table of all
materials not related to the current project
What is a
guide
?
Laminated
Handles daily use
or spilled coffee
Full-color
illustrations & diagrams
Get help early,
before the academic damage is irreversible; many
schools offer free tutoring in a variety of subjects
• Study groups are great, but in general, studying alone
is more effective
TUTORING IS NOT A BAD THING!
Goal Setting
Covers some of the
toughest courses
taught today!
• Set realistic goals within a specific time frame (in writing)
• Goals should be specific and clear
• Determine the purpose of your goals and their
achievement benefits; write them down next to your goal
• Set specific strategies for accomplishing each goal (in
writing)
• Set target dates for self-evaluation
• Periodically visualize your goal, as well as your
strategies for accomplishing the goal
• List potential obstacles to attaining the goal
• List strategies for overcoming obstacles
• Follow through on all strategies
Clear, Concise Information
containing key facts, definitions & formulas
1
PRIORITIZE:
PRIORITY!
ATTEND
STUDY!
•
STUDY SPACE:
•
When to use a
!
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25% OFF
Mention CMP000676, expires
9/30
/09.
• Use at the start of a semester as an overview to visualize how
all the elements of the subject fit together
• Use throughout the semester to refresh + reinforce your
memory of the topic
• Use during homework time to understand and find answers quickly
• Use during class to find facts fast
• Use to prepare for mid-term and final exams
• Use to prepare your own individual outline
• Use while traveling; you can take it anywhere
New
products
Flash Cards, Booklets, Anatomy Atlas
Exam Strategies
Preparation
Objective Exams
Essay Exams
• Learn the exam format: e.g. objective
(true/false or multiple choice) or
subjective (essay)
• Review course outline, notes and
QuickStudy
®
• Scan the exam to determine types of
questions
• Always read and follow directions!
• Determine the exam’s scoring rules and
use them to your advantage; if wrong
answers are penalized, don’t guess
unless you can reduce the choices to
two
• Answer easy questions first
• Mark difficult questions and return to
them later
•
True/False Questions:
- Pick out key words or those on which
the meaning of a statement hinges
- If any clause in a statement is false,
the statement is false
•
Multiple-choice
•
Planning your time when answering essay questions is more
important than in objective type tests!
•
Read through the entire examination first
- Get a feel for the questions you are expected to answer
- If the exam allows you to choose from a number of questions, be
sure to number your answers exactly to match the questions
•
Follow directions carefully:
- Pay attention to the key words in the question: Words such as
“list,” “describe,” “compare
and
contrast,”
and
“outline”
require
different types of answers
-
Don’t “write around” the question, but answer it directly and
concisely
•
Outlining
- After scanning the list of questions, choose those about
which you know most
- On scrap paper, quickly prepare an outline of important
ideas and facts to be included in your response
- Your opening statement summarizes what you are going to write;
the following sentence should support your opening statement
- Your conclusion should show how your body text supported your
opening statement
•
It is absolutely essential that your ideas can be read and
understood:
Print neatly and use correct grammar, punctuation,
and spelling
MEMORY DUMP
At the beginning of the test,
write down on a piece of
paper everything you
remember—formulas, facts,
names, etc.; scan the test
questions; then, do a second
memory dump and begin
the test
questions
are
essentially
true/false
questions
arranged in groups
- Usually only one alternative is totally
correct
- Eliminate obvious false choices
- Of the remainder, pick the alternative
that answers most fully all aspects of
the question
Themes & Reports
Reducing Writing Anxiety
Library Tips
Writing the Paper
•
GET A CALENDAR OR ACADEMIC PLANNER
- Follow tips in Time Management on page 1
- First, write down the due date of the paper; next, count
backwards: How many days will you need to write, edit, re-
write, revise, take notes, research, read, select, and narrow
the topic?
- Now you know what day you will need to begin the paper
•
DO NOT WAIT UNTIL YOUR FIRST RESEARCH PAPER/
PROJECT TO SCOPE OUT THE SCHOOL LIBRARY
- Many libraries offer tours
- Determine the library’s resources, as well as its
limitations, as early as possible
- Learn now to use library computers and card
catalogs to find books by subject or author
- Practice using every machine in the library (i.e.,
microfiche, CD Roms, etc.)
- Use the
Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature
(available in book form and online) for magazine
articles; encyclopedias (book form, online or CD-
ROM) for general information on most topics;
almanacs (book form or online) for facts, lists, charts,
tables, etc.; atlases and/or Internet for maps and
geographical facts/statistics; ask the librarian for
instructions and/or how to access the most up-to-
date information on the topics you are researching
- Be sure to cite all research properly, whether you use
periodicals, books, the Internet or other sources!
• Make/use index cards (put the topic
at the top of each card), notes,
bibliographies, summaries, reports and
reviews as part of your preparation
process to organize your materials
•
PREPARE A WRITTEN OUTLINE
- Don’t make the mistake of trying to
keep everything in your head
- Make your outline in the form of
main headings or ideas with sub-
headings fleshing out the flow of the
paper; this will establish the paper’s
content and conclusion
•
BE SURE YOU KNOW EXACTLY WHAT YOUR INSTRUCTOR
EXPECTS
•
The key
is to document and support your ideas in an organized and
clear manner
•
, start at the end of your paper;
read one sentence at a time and work your way to the
beginning; by reading from end to beginning, the pattern is
broken and you will find more errors in grammar, punctuation,
and spelling
•
WRITE THE PAPER
- Use the outline as a guide and stick
to it
- Write in your own natural style
-
Reread, rewrite, revise and edit
until the paper says exactly what
you want to say, the way you want
to say it
- Use correct punctuation and
grammar, and run spellcheck
- Cite all sources, including Internet
searches
•
Remember "principle" and
"principal" are both correct spellings; other biggies—"to" and
"too," "it's" and "its"
•
KNOW COPIER RULES AND PROCEDURES IN ADVANCE
- Where are copiers located?
- Does the copier require cash or some sort of
copy card?
•
PLAGIARISM MEANS TAKING ANOTHER PERSON'S WORDS
OR IDEAS AS YOUR OWN:
Be careful to always cite your
source whether you quote directly or paraphrase;
remember,
if it's not common knowledge or your original idea, you must
cite the source
•
CHECK OUT LOCAL COMMUNITY AND UNIVERSITY
LIBRARIES
They may house the one obscure article
or book you need to earn that "A"
2
products
• Review previous tests; check at
departmental office
• Summarize highlights on single sheet
DON'T BE AFRAID TO EXPRESS A UNIQUE OPINION:
WHEN PROOFREADING TEXT
DO NOT RELY ON SPELLCHECK:
Reading Skills
Skimming & Scanning
The SQ3R+Reading Method
•
WHEN TO USE:
- To determine main idea
- To locate facts quickly
- To answer test items
- To answer chapter
questions
•
S
URVEY
- Preview the assignment/material to be studied
by scanning the text quickly to discover the
central concept
- From your preview, formulate an
overall picture
and the purpose of what you’re going to study
•
Q
UESTION
- What you need to learn in terms of
what, why,
how, when, who and/or where, to support the
central concept
- Write these questions in the margins of your
textbook or at the top of your lecture or study
notes
•
HOW TO SKIM & SCAN:
- Fix intent for reading
(or facts sought) clearly
in your mind
- Scan table of contents,
chapter headings and
subheadings
- Quickly move eyes over
reading material, focusing
upon page headings and
subheadings, discarding
information that is
obviously not related to reading intent
- Skimming should be twice as fast as average
reading speed
•
R
EAD
- Read specifically to answer the questions
- Most paragraphs contain one or more main
ideas in support of a concept; locate and
highlight them with a marker; make notes in the
margins, summarizing key points; pay special
attention to
bolded or italicized type
and to
tables,
graphs and illustrations
which may
explain an idea more thoroughly than text
Locate as quickly as possible the key or
topic sentence of each paragraph (usually,
but not always, the first sentence)
•
R
ECALL
-
Pause
periodically (every 15 minutes or so) to
recall
in your own words a summary of
the
important ideas you have read;
write on
notepaper as much as you can recall about
what you have read and learned!
- Each mini-review is a knowledge builder and
memory reinforcer
- Selectively omit portions of reading material
- Practice skimming and scanning to locate
information; repeated practice will increase
speed
- Read the last paragraph carefully for
summary information
- Carefully review tables, charts and side
boxes
•
R
EVIEW
- Did you answer your questions, understand the
new material and accomplish your goal?
-
Reread
difficult parts; work a few more problems
Staying Healthy
Brain Power
Can You Remember?
things, etc.,
that you already know
-
Repeat:
Even though something is
initially learned, it will more than likely
be forgotten if not
over learned
; be
sure to repeat information in your own
words
BEWARE OF FAST FOOD, SUGAR AND CAFFEINE!
• Gallons of coffee or cola are not the way to survive mid-terms or finals
- Sleep and study in small shifts
- Exercise often during exam weeks
- Choose foods that provide natural and sustained energy:
pasta,
peanut butter, non-sugary cereals, yogurt, fresh fruits, lean protein
FIND A GOOD EXERCISE PROGRAM
• Whatever you choose—swimming, running, going to the gym—make
sure it’s something you’ll stick with ongoing
• Especially during times of stress (exam time and/or when papers are
due), exercise is important—
it reduces stress and makes you feel better!
STRESS MANAGEMENT
• What works for managing stress is different for everyone
• Sometimes, regular exercise and healthy eating are enough
• Other times, you need more—think about taking a yoga class with a
friend or starting a crafts project
• Journals and blogs offer great ways to unwind and de-stress, too
• Listen to music—it helps everyone relax
• Whatever you choose, remember,
•
MEMORIZE FROM GENERAL TO
SPECIFIC:
Study the big picture, then
learn the details
•
CRAMMING DOES NOT WORK!
Cramming for an exam only commits
the information to your short-term
memory
•
KEY IDEAS:
-
Highlight
them in your textbooks and
outlines
- Give extra attention to
bolded words
or
phrases
- Make up acronyms or mnemonics to
recall
(i.e. GIGO = Garbage In;
Garbage Out)
or
(Please Excuse My
Dear Aunt Sally = Parentheses first,
then Exponents, then Multiplication,
Division, Addition and Subtraction)
•
FOUR BASIC REASONS WE FORGET
PIECES OF INFORMATION:
- Don't use the information
- Confuse it with other information
- Decide the information does not
match what you already believe
- Never really learned the information
in the first place
•
KEYS TO REMEMBERING:
-
Be interested:
Pay attention;
consciously choose to remember;
establish a
need
to remember.
-
Visualize:
Picture in your mind what
you wish to remember
-
Relate:
Relate and form associations
between the new ideas and
information you wish to remember
and information, ideas, persons,
SCHOOL IS YOUR #1 PRIORITY!
•
If you ever feel that stress or pressure are more than you can take
, talk to
your
parents, a teacher, a guidance counselor,
or any adult you can
trust—
don’t feel like you have to handle all your problems by yourself
• Also, find out what kind of counseling programs your school, local youth
center, or house of worship may offer—many organizations offer one-on-
one counseling as well as support groups that can be very helpful
• Everyone goes through rough times;
•
MAPPING
Make a mental image of your notes,
outlines,
color-coded
QuickStudy
®
guides, etc. and where facts are
located on them in relation to other
topics; these images (fact maps) and
their data can often be recalled during
tests
Reaching
out to others can make all the difference, whether you’re helping or
being helped
YOU’RE NEVER ALONE!
Community
Resources
Critical Thinking Skills
•
Learn to evaluate everything you see,
read, or hear; decide for yourself what
to believe
•
Critical thinking is important in order to:
- Enhance common sense
- Filter emotion
- Categorize experiences
- Select references
- Understand the "experts"
- Sort fact from opinion
- Learn to express yourself in a clear
and interesting manner
•
Critical thinkers are:
- Able to resist manipulation
- Able to overcome confusion
- Able to perceive connections
between subjects and events
- Able to base judgments on evidence
and facts
- Able to realize that the "truth" is never
simple; grey or foggy areas always
exist
•
MAKE YOURSELF AWARE OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES,
ESPECIALLY
if you are in a new town; be aware of support services
- Religious institutions
- Support groups
- Counseling centers
•
REALIZE THAT YOU ARE A MEMBER OF THE TOTAL COMMUNITY
- Do some volunteer work each semester: It's great to put on college
applications and gain practical experience, plus it feels good!
3
Tips for College Planning
How
makes studying
easier
!
The SAT
The Personal Statement
• You should take the SAT for the first time no later
than the beginning of your
junior
year; it is best to
take the SAT early so that you can take it again if
you aren't satisfied with your score
• The SAT is only one among many factors used by
admissions officers to determine your suitability as
a student
• There are many materials and classes to help you
prepare for the SAT.
• Most colleges require a
personal essay
as part of
their application; while the question posed might
be worded differently among applications, they
all basically want you to explain why you are
suited to attend their school
• The best way to handle multiple applications is to
begin by writing a
general
personal statement
expressing who you are and why you desire to
continue your education; then, customize your
essay for each school to which you are applying
• It is important to have others close to you read
your personal statement before you include it with
your application; not only are they more likely to
find any spelling or grammatical errors, but they
can help you refine the focus of the essay; share
your statement with teachers, counselors, friends,
family—the more feedback you get the better
statement you can produce
• Don't use your personal statement to explain any
deficiencies
in grades or test scores; don't make
excuses for not being that imaginary ideal student;
if there were any specific circumstances you feel
detracted from your academic performance, or if
you were the subject of any disciplinary action by
your high school, compose a concise explanation
and enclose it on a separate piece of paper; have
a teacher or guidance counselor look it over first
“I bought the Spanish guide and I loved
it! It’s complete, yet concise and easy
to use!”
-Glen Rice, student
offers effective,
concise study guides for both the verbal and
mathematics sections of the test
QuickStudy®
Planning & Preparing Your
College Applications
• The sooner you begin to plan for college, the
better—as soon as you begin to think about going
to college,
request catalogs
and
applications
from every school you might be interested in, even
if the materials for the semester you plan to apply
for aren't yet available; these are essential in
evaluating your choices, and you can always
request new ones when you apply
• Create a
file
for everything related to college, and
keep it organized; make a list of everything you
need to send and the deadlines by which it must
be sent
• Keep your parents informed about your
applications; you will need to plan with them to
work out financing; and with the anxiety so often
involved in these decisions, you'll need them for
emotional support as well
Making the Choice
“Your guides have changed the way I
study. No more digging through
textbooks looking for formulas and
such!”
-Jason Blumenfeld, student
• The hardest part of the process can come after
you have received acceptance to multiple
colleges; deciding which choice is best is a
complicated decision and is rarely made without
help; be sure to involve your
parents
in the
decision-making process so that you can know
how much financial support you have available;
stay informed at school and in the community
about scholarships for which you might qualify
• Many students dream of going to a particular—
university; unfortunately, most must compromise;
still, for most students, there are abundant
institutions that would make a good match; if you
have determined that the only schools that have
accepted you are not a match, don’t panic—
there are many alternatives; consider asking
schools that rejected you about
probational
enrollment
; or spend a year working, attending a
local community college, and filling out
applications to schools you haven’t considered;
military enlistment is the answer for many who can’t
quite afford to attend the school of their choice
• Another option is to enroll at an institution other
than the preferred one for a year or two, and then
transfer; it is becoming increasingly common for
students to complete degree programs in this
manner
Recommendations
• Many colleges require one or more letters of
recommendation; if possible, solicit recommend-
ations from
teachers
long before they are due
• Although you should select those teachers who
know you best, it is a good idea to give them a
copy of your transcripts and a list of your activities;
this will help them write positive letters that refer to
your specific accomplishments
• Rarely is it a good idea to send more
recommendations than a school requests,
especially if all the letters tell the same story;
diversify
your recommendations across as wide a
range of subjects as possible—this will show
potential schools how versatile you are, both
academically and socially
SOURCES FOR RECOMMENDATIONS
• Teachers
• Music instructor
• Coaches
• Job supervisor
• Guidance counselor
• Volunteer organization
• Pastor
• Boy/Girl Scout leader
• Extracurricular activities
coordinators
College Admissions
activities in high school; it is best to be involved in
a handful of activities in which you are
genuinely
interested
, so that you can speak or write about
them with enthusiasm
• Extracurricular activities with an
academic focus
are generally best (e.g. science fair, debate team,
language club, math team); being involved in
your school's
student government
is another
activity that will look good on your applications.
• Engagement in
athletics
can also help you earn
admission to the college of your choice. Even if
you lack the ability or interest for recruitment for
college teams, participation in sports shows the
admissions staff another facet of your personality.
Being athletic can make you more well-rounded
and staying in shape will improve your mental
focus.
•
Volunteer work
looks good on applications. While
it is intrinsically good to volunteer to help others, it
can also improve your chances for admission.
Some schools
require
students to volunteer in order
to graduate. If you have been involved in any
such activities, be sure to indicate so on your
application.
ACADEMICS
• Take the most rigorous classes available at your
high school; not only are these classes usually
weighted in your favor in computing your GPA, but
admissions officers like to see applicants who
challenge
themselves academically
• Put forth the effort to earn the best grades that
you can—this should be your first priority; if offered
at your school, take as many
Advanced
Placement
or
International Baccalaureate
classes
as possible; not only can these classes lead to
college credit, but also signify on your transcript
that you are just the kind of student colleges are
looking for
• If your school district permits it, you might want to
consider
dual enrollment
at a local university or
community college; this will show your eagerness
to learn and willingness to undertake a challenge;
it also can help you get a better idea of what you
want out of college, and the credits you earn will
usually transfer
EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
• Competitive colleges are sometimes reluctant to
admit students who had no extracurricular
Click here to receive
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